Die If-clauses werden auf Deutsch auch oft als Konditionalsätze oder If-Sätze bezeichnet.
Der Satz der If-clauses steht meist vor dem Hauptsatz und wird durch ein Komma getrennt. Er kann aber auch nach dem Hauptsatz stehen. In diesem Fall wird ihm kein Komma vorangestellt.
Es gibt 4 Typen von Konditionalsätzen, die nicht alle das "if" verwenden. Jeder Typ steht für einen anderen Grad der Wahrscheinlichkeit in Bezug auf die Bedingung des Satzes.
Der If-Satz Typ 0 drückt Ideen aus, von denen allgemein erwartet wird, dass sie wahr sind.
Zum Beispiel: "If you wear your seatbelt, you are more protected in a car accident.".
Diese Konditionalsätze erfordern einfache Verben im Präsens. In einigen Fällen ist "when" das Bedingungswort anstelle von "if". Zum Beispiel: "When you go hiking, it is important to take water with you."
Der If-Satz Typ I drückt Ideen aus, die unter der angegebenen Bedingung wahrscheinlich wahr sind oder eintreten werden. In diesem Fall verwendet der Hauptsatz das Futur, weil er sich auf das bezieht, was voraussichtlich eintreten wird.
Zum Beispiel: "If you stretch before exercise, you will have less muscle soreness."
Der If-Satz Typ II drückt Ideen aus, die sich auf ein sehr unwahrscheinliches Ereignis beziehen. Sie verwenden die Vergangenheitsform in der If-Klausel und ein modales Hilfsverb (das die Möglichkeit ausdrückt), wie "would" oder "should", im Hauptsatz. Zum Beispiel: "If I won the lottery, I would buy my own island."
Der If-Satz Typ III wird verwendet, wenn verschiedene vergangene Handlungen zu einer anderen Gegenwart geführt haben könnten.
Diese Art von If-Sätzen ist in Bezug auf die Verben am kompliziertesten. Der if-Satz verwendet Past Perfect, während der Hauptsatz das modale Hilfsverb + have + Past Participle verwendet. Zum Beispiel: "If I had known so many people would come, I would have made more food."
I earn a lot of money if I
get that job.
If she does not hurry, we
miss the bus.
If he tried harder, he reach
his goals.
I buy these shoes if they
fitted.
It would not surprise me if he
not know the answer.
If we had listened to the
radio, we hear the news.
She come to our party if she
had not been on holiday.
If I be stronger, I'd help
you carry the piano.
If we'd seen you, we stop.
If we meet him tomorrow,
we'll say hello.
If you drop the vase, it
break.
I wouldn't go to school by bus
if I have a driving licence.
If she not see him every
day, she'd be lovesick.
I not travel to Germany if I
don't get a cheap flight.
We'd be stupid if we tell
him about our secret.
If I had lain down on the
sofa, I fall asleep.
Lisa could have worked as a
model if she be taller.
The soil not dry out if you
water the plants regularly.
If you give the young boy
this stick, he'd hurt himself.
If the cat hides in the tree,
the dog not it.
Max read the newspaper if he
went by train.
If we meet at 9:30, we have
plenty of time.
Lisa would find the milk if
she look in the fridge.
If you spoke louder, your
classmates understand you.
John arrive safe if he drove
slowly.
If you swim in this lake,
you'll shiver from cold.
The door will unlock if you
press the green button.
If Mel ask her teacher, he'd
have answered her questions.
I call the office if I were
you.
If I go to Frankfurt, I'll
visit the zoo.
If it not, we'd be in the
garden.
She would have had two laptops
if she not the contract.
If I were a millionaire, I
live in Beverly Hills.
If we had read the book, we
understand the film.
They arrive on time if they
hadn't missed the train.
I will earn a lot of money if I
get that job.
If she does not hurry, we
will miss the bus.
If he tried harder, he would reachd
his goals.
I would buy these shoes if they
fitted.
It would not surprise me if he
did not know the answer.
If we had listened to the
radio, we would have heard the news.
She would have come to our party if she
had not been on holiday.
If I were stronger, I'd help
you carry the piano.
If we'd seen you, we would have stopped.
If we meet him tomorrow,
we'll say hello.
If you drop the vase, it
will break.
I wouldn't go to school by bus
if I had a driving licence.
If she didn't see him every
day, she'd be lovesick.
I won't travel to Germany if I
don't get a cheap flight.
We'd be stupid if we told
him about our secret.
If I had lain down on the
sofa, I would have fallen asleep.
Lisa could have worked as a
model if she had been taller.
The soil will not dry out if you
water the plants regularly.
If you gave the young boy
this stick, he'd hurt himself.
If the cat hides in the tree,
the dog will not find it.
Max would read the newspaper if he
went by train.
If we meet at 9:30, we will have
plenty of time.
Lisa would find the milk if
she looked in the fridge.
If you spoke louder, your
classmates would understand you.
John would arrive safe if he drove
slowly.
If you swim in this lake,
you'll shiver from cold.
The door will unlock if you
press the green button.
If Mel had asked her teacher, he'd
have answered her questions.
I would call the office if I were
you.
If I go to Frankfurt, I'll
visit the zoo.
If it didn't rain, we'd be in the
garden.
She would have had two laptops
if she had not signed the contract.
If I were a millionaire, I
would live in Beverly Hills.
If we had read the book, we
would have understood the film.
They might have arrived on time if they
hadn't missed the train.
